Foreign Policy Definition and Examples

International strategy Definition and Examples A state’s international strategy comprises of the techniques it uses to secure its worldwide and local interests and decides the manner in which it associates with other state and non-state on-screen characters. The main role of international strategy is to protect a nation’s national interests, which can be in peaceful or vicious manners. Key Takeaways: Foreign Policy International strategy incorporates the strategies and procedure by which a country communicates with different countries so as to encourage its own interestsForeign approach may utilize discretion or other more straightforward methods, for example, hostility established in military powerInternational bodies, for example, the United Nations and its antecedent, the League of Nations, help smooth relations between nations by means of conciliatory meansMajor international strategy hypotheses are Realism, Liberalism, Economic Structuralism, Psychological Theory, and Constructivism Instances of Foreign Policy In 2013 China built up an international strategy known as the Belt and Road Initiative, the nation’s system to create more grounded monetary ties in Africa, Europe, and North America. In the United States, numerous presidents are known for their milestone international strategy choices, for example, the Monroe Doctrine which contradicted the settler takeover of a free state. An international strategy can likewise be the choice to pass on global associations and discussions, for example, the more neutralist arrangements of North Korea. Tact and Foreign Policy At the point when international strategy depends on discretion, heads of state arrange and team up with other world pioneers to forestall strife. For the most part, ambassadors are sent to speak to a nation’s international strategy interests at worldwide occasions. While an accentuation on tact is a foundation of numerous states international strategy, there are others that depend on military weight or different less discretionary methods. Discretion has assumed a vital job in the de-heightening of worldwide emergencies, and the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 is a prime case of this. During the Cold War, insight educated President John F. Kennedy that the Soviet Union was sending weapons to Cuba, potentially planning for a negative mark against the United States. President Kennedy had to pick between an international strategy arrangement that was simply conciliatory, addressing the Soviet Union President Nikita Khrushchev or one that was increasingly aggressive. The previous president chose to establish a barricade around Cuba and undermine further military activity if Soviet boats bringing rockets endeavored to get through. So as to forestall further acceleration, Khrushchev consented to expel all rockets from Cuba, and consequently, Kennedy made a deal to avoid attacking Cuba and to evacuate U.S. rockets from Turkey (which was inside striking separation of the Soviet Union). This second in time is critical in light of the fact that the two governments arranged an answer that finished the present clash, the bar, just as de-heightened the bigger pressure, the rockets close to each other’s fringes. The History of Foreign Policy and Diplomatic Organizations International strategy has existed insofar as individuals have composed themselves into fluctuating groups. Nonetheless, the investigation of international strategy and the formation of universal associations to advance tact is genuinely later. One of the primary set up worldwide bodies for talking about international strategy was the Concert of Europe in 1814 after the Napoleonic wars. This gave the significant European forces (Austria, France, Great Britain, Prussia, and Russia) a gathering to understand issues carefully as opposed to turning to military dangers or wars. In the twentieth Century, World War I and II by and by uncovered the requirement for a worldwide discussion to de-heighten strife and keep the harmony. The League of Nations (which was framed by previous U.S. President Woodrow Wilson at the end of the day did exclude the U.S.) was made in 1920 with the basic role of keeping up world harmony. After the League of Nations disintegrated, it was supplanted by the United Nations in 1954 after World War II, an association to advance global participation and now incorporates 193 nations as individuals. It is critical to take note of that a considerable lot of these associations are thought around Europe and the Western Hemisphere all in all. On account of European countries’ history of government and colonization, they regularly employed the best worldwide political and financial forces and in this way made these worldwide frameworks. Be that as it may, there are mainland strategic bodies, for example, the African Union, Asia Cooperation Dialog, and Union of South American Countries which encourage multilateral participation in their particular locales also. International strategy Theories: Why States Act as They Do The investigation of international strategy uncovers a few speculations concerning why states act the manner in which they do. The overarching hypotheses are Realism, Liberalism, Economic Structuralism, Psychological Theory, and Constructivism. Authenticity Authenticity expresses that interests are constantly decided as far as force and states will consistently act as indicated by their wellbeing. Traditional Realism follows sixteenth century political scholar Niccolã ² Machiavelli’s well known expression from his international strategy book The Prince: â€Å"It is a lot more secure to be dreaded than loved.† It follows that the world is loaded with disarray since people are vain and will successfully have power. The basic perusing of authenticity, be that as it may, concentrates more on the state than the individual: All administrations will respond to pressures similarly in light of the fact that they are more worried about national security than power. Progressivism The hypothesis of progressivism accentuates freedom and uniformity in all perspectives and accepts that the privileges of the individual are better than the necessities of the state. It additionally follows that the tumult of the world can be assuaged with universal collaboration and worldwide citizenship. Financially, progressivism esteems unhindered commerce most importantly and accepts the state ought to once in a while mediate in monetary issues, as this is the place issues emerge. The market has a drawn out direction towards strength, and nothing ought to meddle with that. Financial Structuralism Financial structuralism, or Marxism, was spearheaded by Karl Marx, who accepted that free enterprise was improper in light of the fact that it is the indecent misuse of the numerous by the couple of. Be that as it may, scholar Vladimir Lenin carried the examination to a global level by clarifying that colonialist industrialist countries prevail by dumping their overabundance items in monetarily more fragile countries, which drives down the costs and further debilitates the economy in those regions. Basically, issues emerge in universal relations due to this centralization of capital, and change can just happen through the activity of the low class. Mental Theories Mental hypotheses clarify global legislative issues on a progressively singular level and try to see how an individual’s brain research can influence their international strategy choices. This follows strategy is profoundly influenced by the individual capacity to pass judgment, which is regularly hued by how arrangements are introduced, the time accessible for the choice, and level of hazard. This clarifies why political dynamic is frequently conflicting or may not follow a particular philosophy. Constructivism Constructivism accepts that thoughts impact characters and drive interests. The present structures just exist since long stretches of social practice have made it so. On the off chance that a circumstance should be settled or a framework must be changed, social and ideological developments have the ability to achieve changes. A center case of constructivism is human rights, which are seen by certain countries, yet not others. In the course of recent hundreds of years, as social thoughts and standards around human rights, sexual orientation, age, and racial fairness have advanced, laws have changed to mirror these new cultural standards. Sources Elrod, Richard B. â€Å"The Concert of Europe: A Fresh Look at an International System.†Ã‚ World Politics, vol. 28, no. 2, 1976, pp. 159â€174. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/2009888.â€Å"The Cuban Missile Crisis, October 1962.†Ã‚ U.S. Division of State, U.S. Division of State, history.state.gov/achievements/1961-1968/cuban-rocket crisis.Viotti, Paul R., and Mark V. Kauppi. International Relations Theory. fifth ed., Pearson, 2011.

Assessing the Dependency of Teamwork Dynamics to Cultural Differences Essay

A discussion whether a heterogeneous or a homogeneous group is simpler to deal with and oversee has been continuing for quite a long time. Organizations, firms and even associations are beginning to make groups as the essential unit of their tasks. Because of this pattern, authoritative scientists began to contemplate the connection between's the sythesis of the group and the teams’ yield (Earley and Mosakowski, 2000, p. 26). Authoritative organization as far as the homogeneity and heterogeneity of the group sythesis is ordinarily concentrated through the near favorable circumstances that each sort of structure can provide for a working group (Schippers, Hartog, Koopman, and Wienk, 2003, p. 779). This examination paper will attempt to address the current issue in a similar way as most authoritative specialists do; this exploration paper will look at homogeneous and heterogeneous group structures through the favorable circumstances they can provide for their groups. The recruiting structure of most associations, organizations and firm incorporates a lot of capability that looks to filter through the candidates not as far as accreditations yet additionally as far as their experiences (Prat, 2000, p. 3). These arrangements of capabilities are usually organized in their own particular manners to make a homogenous or a heterogeneous group, contingent upon the situation of the recruiting party as far as its group organization inclination. Before proceeding onward to the benefits of the two-group creations, it ought to be noticed that the fundamental contrasts between the two-group structures are its group members’ culture. Culture typifies the arrangement of shared implications (Gibson C. B. , 2004). It can even be stated, that culture characteristics the various responses of the colleagues in various administrative methodologies and group destinations (Gibson C. B. , 2004). Besides, the likelihood of accomplishment and effectiveness in group is reliant to the way of life of its colleagues. Distinguishing the distinction between driving a homogeneous group or a heterogeneous group can be handily talked about through the degree by which colleagues share a specific culture. In advanced authoritative explores, culture sharing isn't the main contrast. Factors, for example, proficiency, viability of the main model, yield abilities and even compromise instruments are considered in association explores that address homogeneous and heterogeneous group creations. Portraying the real administration process in these two group organizations would prompt the conversations on group cohesiveness. Group cohesiveness is the degree by which individuals from a gathering (both hetero and homo) are pulled in to the group (Wendt, Euwemab, and Emmerik, 2009, p. 359). It very well may be stated, that group cohesiveness typifies the explanations behind joining a group and anticipated impetuses for joining the group (Wendt, Euwemab, and Emmerik, 2009, p. 359). Group cohesiveness is available in both homogeneous and heterogeneous group structures. Notwithstanding, the weight of guaranteeing that the group would work isn't straightforwardly identified with the group piece; it is additionally controlled by the administration style in the group. Driving administration styles, for example, mandate and strong styles have two totally different impacts to the group contingent upon the group arrangement. The selectiveness of the common culture in homogeneous groups can work better with mandate authority, for example, seen in absolutist nations (Wendt, Euwemab, and Emmerik, 2009, p. 360). Then again, steady administration can work better with heterogeneous group arrangement since the distinctions in the common culture of the group can be made up for by the help that the authority style offers (Wendt, Euwemab, and Emmerik, 2009, p. 360). Trading the two authority styles in heterogeneous and homogeneous group organizations can result to high likelihood of group wastefulness and disappointment. Following this rationale, it very well may be said that the initiative style would decide the contrast between these two group structures; a certain â€Å"fit† must be appropriately tended to. In the wake of talking about the required â€Å"fit† in the authority style and the group creation, favorable circumstances as far as appropriately driving a homogeneous group or a heterogeneous group would now be able to be set up. Having a heterogeneous group suggests that a group chief would have individuals with various acknowledgments of shared culture. Because of this, the group chief can anticipate various feelings and a wide scope of thoughts to be verbalized by the colleagues (Gibson and Vermeulen, 2003, p. 207). This arrangement is found in organizations that work on a high innovation level. Innovation based organizations will in general capacity in a transnational level; this permits the organizations to have an involvement with having a heterogeneous group to manage their tasks. The assorted pool that the organization can without much of a stretch access to makes a workplace, which is ideal for the formation of partners. As indicated by other related investigates, colleagues will in general stand up their thought or supposition on the off chance that they have at any rate one colleague that bolsters their thought (Gibson and Vermeulen, 2003, p. 207). This finding is the authored as the partner development in working environments. Following this rationale, driving a heterogeneous group has a favorable position of having the option to pool a decent number of thoughts and conclusions because of the diverse shared societies among the colleagues. For all intents and purposes, a heterogeneous group can think of progressively potential arrangements expected to address an issue when contrasted with a group with individuals that share a uniform culture. Heterogeneous group through its accomplices likewise has the benefit of making a work environment, which is increasingly favorable for a progressively open learning conduct (Gibson and Vermeulen, 2003, p. 209). The partner arrangement that emerges from a heterogeneous group makes subgroups that are progressively open to learning through experimentation; intelligent correspondence and codification (Gibson and Vermeulen, 2003, p. 209). The mental help gave by colleagues that offer culture permits other colleagues to find out more (Gibson and Vermeulen, 2003, p. 210). These points of interest of heterogeneous groups make numerous associations, organizations and firms to put resources into the formation of a heterogeneous group. This pattern is best observed in transnational companies’ endeavors to redistribute colleagues from better places the world over to safeguard that their group has accomplices to develop better conceptualizing exercises (Earley and Gibson, 2002, pp. 230-232). Lamentably, the upsides of having a heterogeneous group stop at the accomplices. Heterogeneous group, which is excessively heterogeneous as in it doesn't permit the arrangement of accomplices will in general be counterproductive since its colleagues without some to impart their way of life to, turns out to be excessively defensive of their thoughts (Gibson and Vermeulen, 2003, pp. 212-213). In this circumstance, hierarchical inquires about suggest the full destroying of the group or the incorporation of other colleagues that may permit that development of companions inside the heterogeneous group. Favorable circumstances in a homogeneous group are the outrageous answers for the drawbacks of a heterogeneous group. The likelihood that an excessive amount of heterogeneity can block group development and effectiveness can be counterbalanced by adjusting a homogenized group since the common culture of the entire group will kill the social assorted variety that may have begun the issues of a too heterogenic group (Mello and Ruckes, 2010, p. 1022). This is the essential bit of leeway of homogeneous group attachment. Group union is at its prime state if the subject group is a homogeneous group (WordPress. com, 2009). The solid feeling of gathering attachment in a homogeneous group permits the entire group to effortlessly achieve assignments and yield greatest efficiency rates (WordPress. com, 2009, p. n. pag. ). The mutual culture of a homogeneous group makes a feeling of solidarity among the colleagues; that means accomplishments that are most presumably out of reach for a typical heterogeneous gathering. This is the essential and has all the earmarks of being the main favorable position in a homogeneous gathering. Lamentably, it likewise has a lot of drawbacks. The significant drawback of a homogenous group is that the group is inclined to settle on plausible idiotic choices because of the solid feeling of mindless conformity attitude present in this group structure (WordPress. com, 2009). This properties of homogeneous group structure permits homogeneous groups to be the ideal group arrangement for profitability and objective situated associations, organizations and firms. End: Heterogeneous and homogeneous group sytheses have been existing since the time essential gatherings have been shaped. The purpose behind their reality is the way that every one of this group piece gives an ideal fit to various hierarchical plans (Gamage, 2006, p. 57). The transaction between authoritative societies, group sythesis and the kind of administration decides the required fit inferred in this exploration paper. Definitively, this exploration paper takes the position that homogeneous group arrangement is a bit of leeway for associations, organizations and firms that are objective and creation situated, while heterogeneous group sythesis is a bit of leeway for associations, organizations and firms that try to give arrangements. The strong group culture refined and authorized in homogeneous group piece permits a merged development of the entire group towards the accomplishment of their team’s targets. Then again, the distinctions of the colleagues of a heterogeneous group permit the use of the multi point of view directions in the upside of the entire group. The various thoughts and social tendencies of a heterogeneous group permit the improvement of all encompassing arrangements. These focuses when summarized results to a general thought that the group compositions’ adequacy are overwhelmingly subject to the components, for example, sort of authority and condition, for example, setting of use. Book index Adams, S. K. (2007, July 30). Disciplinarily Hetero-and Homogeneous Design

Review Clean, Well-Lighted Sentences

Review Clean, Well-Lighted Sentences There must have been a boom in grammar books aimed at general audiences between Eats, Shoots Leaves in 2001 and the last Grammar Girl book in 2012.I certainly havent read all of the books published during this period, but so far Janis Bells Clean, Well-Lighted Sentences might be my favorite. In seven clear chapters Bell covers the most common mistakes that writers of English make.What makes this book so appealing to me is that it contains both instruction that is easily understood, and plenty of grammar terminology. The latter is something that other books of this type shy away from in order to appeal to the widest possible audience. Bells willingness to use terminology, though, means that her book is one I would certainly recommend to rookie ESL teachers.Now, some people might scoff at the idea of giving a tiny little book to serious English teachers. Seriously, though, there is a huge mass of teachers going overseas every day without proper resources and training. If someone had a sked me when I started teaching how to use the present perfect tense properly, I wouldnt have known how to respond. Nor would I be able to explain the subjunctive mood, or the difference between a coordinating conjunction and a subordinating conjunction or any of the most basic grammatical terms and concepts. Like most teachers I just wasnt taught that kind of stuff. Obviously a teacher who takes their job seriously will reach for something more comprehensive (like, say, Michael Swans Practical English Usage) but Bells book is a perfect way to grasp the basics in under an hour. Heck, an eager teacher could read it on the flight over.Anyways, the chapters here are:CaseAgreementVerb Tense and UsageVerb MoodModifiersConnectivesPunctuationEach chapter ends with a little quiz.I probably wouldnt recommend this book to ESL students (Swans book is a better reference) but I think it is perfect for general audiences and teachers.Oh, if you are curious about the books odd title, it is a riff o n the title of a short story by Ernest Hemingway.

The Satrapies of the Achaemenid Persians

Glaspell s Trifles And The Invisibility Of Women

Glaspell’s Trifles and the Invisibility of Women Susan Glaspell’s play Trifles and Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House are plays that explore a number of important features of femininity and life as a woman. Trifles explores a number of thematic ideas surrounding a woman’s place and her propensity for violence. The Author explores a thematic idea that centers on the proper dispensation of justice: Glaspell critically investigates the question of whether an individual can truly receive justice from a group that does not consider her their equal. Ibsen presents to the audience hints of women s roles in society and how females were treated during that time. In the plays Trifles, and A Doll House both Authors use the invisibility of femininity to the male world to explore questions of femininity, prejudice, and justice in American society. Christian Dymkowski suggests that one of the defining features of many of the female characters in Glaspell’s work is that they are characters on the edge of a knife: the slightest change in their environment sends them toppling over into unthinkable behavior, like violence and even murder (Dymkowski 92). In Trifles, the murder has already occurred, and Mrs. Wright has already been arrested for the murder of her husband. The police believe that she is guilty of the crime, and have come to the house, along with two women to investigate the crime scene and look for clues regarding the murder. It is during this first introduction

Storm Born Chapter Three Free Essays

string(109) " I fell into that gaze, feeling the response of nerves in my lower body that I’d thought were dormant\." I’d been people-watching for almost an hour, so I saw him as soon as he walked in. It was hard not to. The eyes of a few other women in the bar showed that I wasn’t the only one who’d noticed. We will write a custom essay sample on Storm Born Chapter Three or any similar topic only for you Order Now He was tall and broad-shouldered, nicely muscled but not over the top in some crazy Arnold Schwarzenegger way. He wore khakis with a navy blue T-shirt tucked into them. His black hair was not quite to his chin, and he had it tucked behind his ears. His eyes were large and dark, set in a smoothly chiseled face with perfect, golden-tanned skin. There was some mix of ethnicities going on there, I suspected, but none I could discern. Whatever the combo, it worked. Extremely well. â€Å"Hey, is anyone sitting here?† He nodded at the chair beside me. It was the only empty one at the bar. I shook my head, and he sat down. He didn’t say anything else, and the only other time I heard him speak was to order a margarita. After that, he seemed content just to people-watch, like me. And honestly, it was a great place to do it. Alejandro’s was right next to a midlevel hotel and drew in patrons and tourists from all sides of the socioeconomic scale. TVs showed sporting events or news or whatever the bartender felt like putting on. A few trivia machines sat at the other end of the bar. Music – sometimes live, but not tonight – forced the TVs to have closed-captioning, and dancing people crowded the small space among the tables. It was humanity at its best. Teeming with life, alcohol, mindless entertainment, and bad pick-up lines. I liked to come here when I wanted to be alone without being alone. I liked it better when drunk, stupid guys left me alone. I wasn’t sure about articulate, good-looking ones. One nice thing I soon discovered was that with Tall, Dark, and Handsome sitting next to me, no losers dared approach. But he wasn’t talking to me either, and after a while, I realized I’d kind of like him to – not that I’d have any clue what to say back. With the glances he kept giving me, I think he felt the same way. I didn’t know. A sort of tension built up between us as I nursed my Corona, each of us waiting for something. When it finally came, he started it. â€Å"You’re edible.† Not the opening I’d been expecting. â€Å"I beg your pardon?† â€Å"Your perfume. It’s like†¦like violets and sugar. And vanilla. I suppose it’s weird to think violets are edible, huh?† â€Å"Not so weird as a guy actually knowing what violets smell like.† It was also weird that he could even smell it. I’d put it on about twelve hours ago. With all the smoke and sweat around here, it was a surprise anyone’s olfactory senses could function. He shot me a crooked grin, favoring me with a look that could only be described as smoky. I felt my pulse quicken a little. â€Å"It’s good to know what flowers are what. Makes it easier to send them. And impress women.† I eyed him and then swirled the beer in my bottle. â€Å"Are you trying to impress me?† He shrugged. â€Å"Mostly I’m just trying to make conversation.† I pondered that, deciding if I wanted to play this game or not. Wondering if I could. I smiled a little. â€Å"What?† he asked. â€Å"I don’t know. Just thinking about flowers. And impressing people. I mean, how strange is that we bring plant sex organs to people we’re attracted to? What’s up with that? It’s a weird sign of affection.† His dark eyes lit up, like he’d just discovered something surprising and delightful. â€Å"Is it any weirder than giving chocolate, which is supposed to be an aphrodisiac? Or what about wine? A ‘romantic’ drink that really just succeeds in lowering the other person’s inhibitions.† â€Å"Hmm. It’s like people are trying to be both subtle and blatant at the same time. Like, they won’t actually go up and say, ‘Hey, I like you, let’s get together.’ Instead, they’re like, ‘Here, have some plant genitalia and aphrodisiacs.'† I took a drink of the beer and propped my chin in my hand, surprised to hear myself going on. â€Å"I mean, I don’t have a problem with men or relationships or sex, but sometimes I just get so frustrated with games of human attraction.† â€Å"How so?† â€Å"It’s all masked in posturing and ploys. There’s no honesty. People can’t just come up and express their attraction. It’s got to be cleverly obscured with some stupid pick-up line or not-so-subtle gift, and I don’t really know how to play those games so well. We’re taught that it’s wrong to be honest, like there’s some kind of social stigma with it.† â€Å"Well,† he considered, â€Å"it can come out pretty crass sometimes. And let’s not forget about rejection too. I think that adds to it. There’s a fear there.† â€Å"Yeah, I guess. But being turned down isn’t the worst thing in the world. And wouldn’t that be easier than wasting an evening or – God forbid – months of dating? We should state our feelings and intentions openly. If the other person says ‘fuck off,’ well, then, deal. Move on.† I suddenly eyed my beer bottle suspiciously. â€Å"What’s wrong?† â€Å"Just wondering if I’m drunk. This is my first beer, but I think I’m sounding a little unhinged. I don’t usually talk this much.† He laughed. â€Å"I don’t think you’re unhinged. I actually agree with you.† â€Å"Yeah?† He nodded and looked remarkably wise as he contemplated his answer. It made him even sexier. â€Å"I agree, but I don’t think most people take honesty well. They prefer the games. They want to believe the pretty lies.† I finished off the last of the Corona. â€Å"Not me. Give me honesty anytime.† â€Å"You mean that?† â€Å"Yes.† I set the bottle down and looked at him. He was watching me intently now, and his look was smoky again, all darkness and sex and heat. I fell into that gaze, feeling the response of nerves in my lower body that I’d thought were dormant. You read "Storm Born Chapter Three" in category "Essay examples" He leaned slightly forward. â€Å"Well, then, here’s honesty. I was really happy when I saw the empty seat by you. I think you’re beautiful. I think seeing the bra underneath your shirt is dead sexy. I like the shape of your neck and the way those strands of hair lay against it. I think you’re funny, and I think you’re smart too. After just five minutes, I already know you don’t let people screw around with you – which I also like. You’re pretty fun to talk to, and I think you’d be just as much fun to have sex with.† He sat back in his chair again. â€Å"Wow,† I said, now noticing I’d put on a white shirt over a black bra in my haste. Oops. â€Å"That’s a lot of honesty.† â€Å"Should I fuck off now?† I played with the rim of the bottle. I took a deep breath. â€Å"No. Not yet.† He smiled and ordered us another round. Introductions seemed like the next logical step, and when his turn came, he told me his name was Kiyo. â€Å"Kiyo,† I repeated. â€Å"Neat.† He watched me, and after a moment, a smile danced over his mouth. A really nice mouth too. â€Å"You’re trying to figure me out.† â€Å"Figure you out how?† â€Å"What I am. Race. Ethnic group. Whatever.† â€Å"Of course not,† I protested, even though I’d been trying to do exactly that. â€Å"My mother is Japanese, and my father is Latino. Kiyo is short for Kiyotaka.† I scrutinized him, now understanding the large dark eyes and the tanned skin. Human genes were exquisite. I loved the way they blended. How cool, I thought, to have such a solid grip on your ancestry. I knew my mother had a lot of Greek and Welsh, but there was a mix of all sorts of other things there too. And as for my deadbeat father†¦well, I knew no more about his heritage than I knew anything else about him. For all intents and purposes, I was very much the mongrel the keres had called me earlier. I realized then I’d been staring at Kiyo too long. â€Å"I like the results,† I finally said, which made him laugh again. He asked about my job, and I told him I worked in Web design. It wasn’t entirely a lie. I’d majored in it and in French. Both areas had turned out to be completely irrelevant to my job, though Lara swore having a Web site would drive up our business. We mostly relied on word of mouth now. When he told me he was a veterinarian, I said, â€Å"No, you aren’t.† Those smoldering eyes widened in surprise. â€Å"Why do you say that?† â€Å"Because†¦because you can’t be. I just can’t see it.† Nor could I imagine telling Lara tomorrow: So I was in a bar last night and met this sexy veterinarian†¦ No, those concepts somehow didn’t go together. Veterinarians looked like Wil Delaney. â€Å"It’s God’s truth,† Kiyo swore, stirring his margarita. â€Å"I even take my work home with me. I have five cats and two dogs.† â€Å"Oh, dear Lord.† â€Å"Hey, I like animals. It goes back to the honesty thing. Animals don’t lie about how they feel. They want to eat, fight, and reproduce. If they like you, they show it. If they don’t, they don’t. They don’t play games. Well, except maybe the cats. They’re tricky sometimes.† â€Å"Yeah? What’d you name all those cats?† â€Å"Death, Famine, Pestilence, War, and Mr. Whiskers.† â€Å"You named your cats after the riders of the apocal – wait. Mr. Whiskers?† â€Å"Well, there are only four horsemen.† We talked for a while after that about whatever else came to mind. Some was serious, some humorous. He told me he was in town from Phoenix, which kind of disappointed me. Not local. We also talked about the people around us, our jobs, life, the universe, etc., etc. All the while I kept wondering how this had happened. Hadn’t I just been noting how I lived outside of society? Yet, here I was, talking to a guy I’d just met like I’d known him for years. I barely recognized the words coming out of my own mouth. I didn’t even recognize my body language: leaning into him as we talked, legs touching. He wore no cologne but smelled like he looked: darkness and sex and heat. And promises. Promises that said, Oh, baby, I can give you everything you’ve ever wanted if you’ll just give me the chance†¦. At one point, I leaned toward the bar to slide an empty bottle across it. As I did, I suddenly felt Kiyo’s fingers brush my lower back where my shirt had ridden up. I flinched as electricity crackled through me at that slight, casual touch. â€Å"Here’s more honesty,† he said in a low voice. â€Å"I like this tattoo. A lot. Violets again?† I nodded and sat back in my chair, but he didn’t remove his hand. That tattoo was a chain of violets and leaves that spread across my lower back. A larger cluster of the flowers sat on my tailbone, and then smaller tendrils extended outward on both sides, almost to my hips. â€Å"Violets have sort have become my patron flower,† I explained, â€Å"because of my eyes.† He leaned forward, and I almost stopped breathing at how close his mouth was to mine. â€Å"Wow. You’re right. I’ve never seen eyes that color.† â€Å"I’ve got three more.† â€Å"Eyes?† â€Å"Tattoos.† This got his interest. â€Å"Where?† â€Å"They’re covered by the shirt.† I hesitated. â€Å"You know anything about Greek mythology?† He nodded. A cultured man. Cue swooning. I touched my upper right arm. My sleeve covered the skin. â€Å"This one’s a snake wrapped all the way around my arm. It’s for Hecate, the goddess of magic and the crescent moon.† What I didn’t add was that Hecate guarded the crossroads between worlds. It was she who governed transitions to the Otherworld and beyond. This tattoo was my link to her, to facilitate my own journeys and call on her for help when needed. I moved to my upper left arm. â€Å"This one’s a butterfly whose wings wrap around and touch behind my arm. It’s half black and half white.† â€Å"Psyche?† he asked. â€Å"Good guess.† He really was cultured. The goddess Psyche was synonymous with the soul, which the butterfly represented in myth. â€Å"Persephone.† He nodded. â€Å"Half black, half white. She lives half her life in this world and half in the Underworld.† Not unlike my own life. Persephone guided transitions to the world of death. I didn’t travel there myself, but I invoked her to send others across. â€Å"She governs the dark moon. And back here† – I tapped the spot behind me where my neck connected to my back – â€Å"is a moon with an abstract woman’s face in it. Selene, the full moon.† Kiyo’s dark eyes held intense interest. â€Å"Why not one of the more common moon goddesses, then? Like Diana?† I hesitated with my answer. In many ways, Diana would have served the same purpose. She, like Selene, was bound to the human world and could keep me grounded here when I needed it. â€Å"The others are†¦solitary goddesses. Even Persephone, who’s technically married. Diana’s a virgin – she’s alone too. But Selene†¦well, she doesn’t get a lot of press anymore, but she was a more social goddess. A sexual goddess. She opens herself up to other people. And experiences. So I went with her. I just didn’t think it’d be healthy to be marked with three goddesses who were all alone.† â€Å"What about you? Are you alone, Eugenie?† His voice was velvet against me, and I could have drowned in those eyes. They were like chocolate. Chocolate is an aphrodisiac. â€Å"Aren’t we all alone?† I asked with a rueful smile. â€Å"Yes. I think in the end, we all are, no matter what the songs and happy stories say. I guess it’s just a matter of who we choose to be alone with.† â€Å"That’s why I come here, you know. To be alone with other people. There’s isolation in a crowd. You’re hidden. Safe.† He looked around at the buzzing, moving sea of people in the bar. They were like a wall surrounding us. There but not there. â€Å"Yes. Yes, I suppose that’s true.† â€Å"Isn’t that why you’re here too?† He glanced back down at me, his expression a little less sexual and a bit more pensive. â€Å"I don’t know. I’m not sure. I guess maybe I’m here because of you.† I didn’t have any quick retorts for that, so I started playing with the bottle again. The bartender asked if I wanted another, and I shook my head. Kiyo touched my shoulder. â€Å"You want to dance?† I was pretty sure I hadn’t danced since high school, but some force compelled me to agree. We stepped out into a crowd of very bad dancers. Most were just sort of floundering around to a fast song with a heavy beat that I’d never heard before. Kiyo and I weren’t much better. But when a slower song came on, he wrapped me to him, pressing us together as close as two people could be. Well, almost as close. I couldn’t ever remember anything like this happening with a guy I’d just met, a desire for someone I actually wanted and not just someone who was available. His body felt hard and perfect against mine, and my flesh kept concocting ways to touch his. I was already picturing him naked, imagining what it would be like to have his body move against and inside of mine. What was going on with me here? The images were so vivid and real, it was a wonder my feelings weren’t written across my face. So I didn’t really mind when he slid his hand up the back of my neck and brought his mouth down to kiss me. It wasn’t a tentative kiss either. No first-date kisses here. It was the kind of kiss that meant business, the kind of kiss that said, I want to consume every inch of you and hear you scream my name. I’d never really made out in a public place, but it seemed kind of a trivial concern as that kiss burned between us, our tongues and lips exploring the contours of each other’s mouths. But when his other hand slid up and cupped my breast, even I was surprised. â€Å"Hey,† I said, breaking off slightly. â€Å"There are people around.† Amusing, I thought a moment later, that I was less concerned about him doing it than being seen doing it. He kissed the side of my neck, just below my ear, and when he spoke, his words heated my skin. â€Å"People only notice if you make a big deal about it.† I let him kiss me again and didn’t say anything else about the hand that continued to stroke the curve of my breast and tease my nipple into hardness beneath the shirt. His other hand slid down to my ass and ground me closer to him, letting me feel exactly what was underneath his jeans. The fact that we were doing this in public suddenly made it a lot sexier. I let out a small, trembling sigh and then broke away from the kiss again. Only this time, it wasn’t because of any prudish feelings. It was from need. My body’s suddenly urgent and excruciating need. â€Å"Are you staying next door?† I asked, indicating the hotel adjacent to the bar. â€Å"No. Out at the Monteblanca.† I let surprise show on my face. That was in the region near where I lived, in the Santa Catalina foothills. â€Å"That’s not a hotel. That’s a resort. A really nice one. Veterinarians must make a lot.† He smiled and brushed his lips against my cheek. â€Å"You want to see it?† â€Å"Yes,† I told him. â€Å"I certainly do.† How to cite Storm Born Chapter Three, Essay examples

International Trade and Comparative Advantage free essay sample

? In spite of the strong theoretical case that can be made for free international trade, every country in the world has erected at least some barriers to trade. Trade restrictions are typically undertaken in an effort to protect companies and workers in the home economy from competition by foreign firms. A protectionist policy is one in which a country restricts the importation of goods and services produced in foreign countries. The India, for example, uses protectionist policies to limit the quantity of foreign- produced sugar coming into country. In general, protectionist policies imposed for a particular good always reduce its supply, raise its price, and reduce the equilibrium quantity. Protection often takes the form of an import tax or a limit on the amount that can be imported, but it can also come in the form of voluntary export restrictions and other barriers. Tariff rates on dutiable imports have fallen dramatically over the course of history. We will write a custom essay sample on International Trade and Comparative Advantage or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A tariff is a tax on imported goods and services. A tariff raises the cost of selling imported goods. It thus shifts the supply curve for goods to the left. The price of the protected good rises and the quantity available to consumers falls. Protectionist policies reduce the quantities of foreign goods and services supplied to the country that imposes the restriction. As a result, such policies shift the supply curve to the left for the good or service whose imports are restricted. In the case shown, the supply curve shifts to S2, the equilibrium price rises to P2, and the equilibrium quantity falls to Q2. One of the most common protectionist measures now in use is the antidumping proceeding. A domestic firm, faced with competition by a foreign competitor, files charges with its government that the foreign firm is dumping, or charging an unfair price. Under rules spelled out in international negotiations that preceded approval of the World Trade Organization, an unfair price was defined as a price below production cost or below the price the foreign firm charges for the same good in its own country. While these definitions may seem straightforward enough, they have proven to be quite troublesome. A quota is a direct restriction on the total quantity of a good or service that may be imported during a specified period. Quotas restrict total supply and therefore increase the domestic price of the good or service on which they are imposed. Quotas generally specify that an exporting countrys share of a domestic market may not exceed a certain limit. In some cases, quotas are set to raise the domestic price to a particular level. A quota restricting the quantity of a particular good imported into an economy shifts the supply curve to the left, as in. It raises price and reduces quantity. An important distinction between quotas and tariffs is that quotas do not increase costs to foreign producers; tariffs do. In the short run, a tariff will reduce the profits of foreign exporters of a good or service. A quota, however, raises price but not costs of production and thus may increase profits. Because the quota imposes a limit on quantity, any profits it creates in other countries will not induce the entry of new firms that ordinarily eliminates profits in perfect competition. Voluntary export restrictions are a form of trade barrier by which foreign firms agree to limit the quantity of goods exported to a particular country. Although such restrictions are called voluntary, they typically are agreed to only after pressure is applied by the country whose industries they protect. A voluntary export restriction works precisely like an ordinary quota. It raises prices for the domestic product and reduces the quantity consumed of the good or service affected by the quota. It can also increase the profits of the firms that agree to the quota because it raises the price they receive for their products. In addition to tariffs and quotas, measures such as safety standards, labeling requirements, pollution controls, and quality restrictions all may have the effect of restricting imports. Many restrictions aimed at protecting consumers in the domestic market create barriers as a purely unintended, and probably desirable, side effect. These standards tend to discourage the import of foreign goods, but their primary purpose appears to be to protect consumers from harmful chemicals, not to restrict trade. But other nontariff barriers seem to serve no purpose other than to keep foreign goods out. The conceptual justification for free trade is one of the oldest arguments in economics; there is no disputing the logic of the argument that free trade increases global production, worldwide consumption, and international efficiency. But critics stress that the argument is a theoretical one. In the real world, they say, there are several arguments that can be made to justify protectionist measures. One argument for trade barriers is that they serve as a kind of buffer to protect fledgling domestic industries. The desire to maintain existing jobs threatened by foreign competition is probably the single most important source of todays protectionist policies. Some industries that at one time had a comparative advantage are no longer among the worlds lowest-cost producers; they struggle to stay afloat. Cost cutting leads to layoffs, and layoffs lead to demands for protection. The model of international trade in perfect competition suggests that trade will threaten some industries. As countries specialize in activities in which they have a comparative advantage, sectors in which they do not have this advantage will shrink. Maintaining those sectors through trade barriers blocks a nation from enjoying the gains possible from free trade. A further difficulty with the use of trade barriers to shore up employment in a particular sector is that it can be an enormously expensive strategy. That shifts the supply curve slightly to the left, raising prices for countries consumers and reducing their consumer surplus. The loss to consumers is the cost per job saved. One reason often given for the perceived need to protect Indian workers against free international trade is that workers must be protected against cheap foreign labor. This is an extension of the job protection argument in the previous section. From a theoretical point of view, of course, if foreign countries can produce a good at lower cost than we can, it is in our collective interest to obtain it from them. But workers counter by saying that the low wages of foreign workers means that foreign workers are exploited. This objection, however, fails to recognize that differences in wage rates generally reflect differences in worker productivity. Further, we have seen that what matters for trade is comparative advantage, not comparative labor costs. When each nation specializes in goods and services in which it has a comparative advantage measured in the amounts of other goods and services given up to produce them then world production, and therefore world consumption, rises. By definition, each nation will have a comparative advantage in something. Exports restrictions are the limitations on the goods and services exported to foreign country by the government. These limitations are imposed to prevent a shortage of goods in the domestic market when it is more profitable to export. As a part of foreign policy for a example as a competent of trade sanctions. Government also promotes exports by making following incentives policies under EXIM policy like Duty Entitlement Passbook (DEPB), Export Promotion Capital Goods, Special Economic Zones (SEZ’s) etc.